Juvenile Delinquency: Strain Theory

Juvenile Delinquency: Strain Theory A juvenile delinquent is a person who is typically under the age of 18 and commits an act that otherwise would have been charged as a crime if they were an adult. Depending on the type and severity of the offense committed, it is possible for persons under 18 to be charged and tried as adults (Wikipedia). Juvenile delinquency is a growing problem in the United States today. Many families are faced with high poverty rates and social problems due to the constraints of living in a low income community where deviance is the only process to achieve success. In order for children to succeed we must come to terms with this underlying issue and be able to solve this primary source. Using Robert Mertons Strain theory I will explain the high concentration of crime of juvenile delinquents in low income communities. Robert Merton a sociologist who coined strain theory believed that people were placed on established paths in order to be successful in society. Merton believed that social structure rather than culture was the main problem for juvenile delinquents association with crime. Using several adaptations of strain theory he clarifies his argument. Merton believed there were five adaptations in society that you could travel in order to be successful. The five adaptations were innovation, retreatism, ritualism, conformity, and rebellion. The three I will be explaining are innovation, conformity, and rebellion. Merton states, the social structure effectively limits the possibilities of individuals within these groups to achieve this goal through the use on institutionalized mean (Merton 159). If a juvenile delinquent from a low income community has no means of getting an education or bettering himself then he is going to adapt to the societal norms that are already in existence in his social e nvironment. For example, a juvenile delinquent grows up in the projects with low income housing, his mother is a single parent who works full time but can barely afford to put food on the table. In order for the juvenile delinquent to provide for himself he must find other means of income. His only means of income that he has been raised to know is selling drugs. The juvenile delinquents strain is that he only knows deviance and crime in order to prevail. Although the juvenile delinquent is breaking the normative methods of society he is still able to survive through one of the five adaptations which is innovation. Robert Mertons concept of innovation says people accept the cultural goals of a society but reject the conventional methods of attaining those goals (Merton 176). A prime example of an innovator would be a drug dealer. The drug dealer has fully accepted the cultural goals that he needs to complete in order to be successful. Instead of abiding by those cultural goals and following the process of achievement he uses deviance to stray away from the path of success. Same prophecy goes for the juvenile delinquent stated above he must conform to innovation in order to provide for himself and his family. The juvenile delinquent has accepted his social status and low income community but has decided instead of going to school and striving for a good education he would rather comply and sell drugs just like his peers he has looked up to his whole life. His social constraints dictate his decisions and therefore he is placed in confinement. The juvenile delinquents deviance is mainly caused by his living environment and community lifestyle. He has learned the way of crime and deviance through watching his elders and peers. The experiences that he has been a part of make him more prone to commit deviant acts. Merton states there are fewer legitimate opportunities to obtain wealth for the lower socioeconomic class (Merton 158). This means he believes that the only way that you can obtain wealth is that you must be born in the middle class or upper class of society. Merton also says its okay not to achieve but everyone should give an effort and try, but those who dont achieve still have some sort of value. The value he is trying to portray is the value you give of yourself. Even though you may struggle at first its the greatest accomplishment to never give up. The juvenile delinquent may never become wealthy or have the finer things in life but that doesnt mean he cannot make life enjoyable. If he applies himself with great values and strives to be the best he can overcome m any obstacles that may derail his path. In addition to Innovation another adaptation that is prevalent in strain theory is Conformity. Conformity is the accusation that most people comply with societys norms. People are taught at a young age the rules and punishment of society. When an individual conforms they not only lose their individualistic ideals, but they are allowing society to dictate their thoughts and emotions. When a juvenile delinquent is established to a social group, such as a street gang, they are no longer looked at as an outsider but rather embraced into likeness as an insider or brotherhood. Conformists are people who not only believe in the assumption of cultural achievements but also believe in the methods that allow them to reach them. The conforming processes are an easy route into societal norms and allow an individual to hide their true agenda of individualism. The last adaptation that comes into play is rebellion. Rebellion occurs when an individual rejects both culturally defined goals and means and substitutes new goals and means (citation). This means they no longer adhere to any of societal rules but create their own. A prime example would be a hip hop artist. A lot of times hip hop artists dont adhere to any of societys social norms but rather rebel and show the representation of the bad boy image. The juvenile delinquent listens to hip hop music which encourages him to party, sell drugs, and make money then more than likely he is going to want to follow that lifestyle. Music influences everything in terms of society, norms, and values. Without music how would becoming a deviant person be acceptable in our world today? Most hip hop artists live a deviant crime filled lifestyle everyday of their lives. Just like the delinquent selling drugs on the corner its the same self fulfillment they each get which make their rebellious nature. We all have rebellious tendencies its in our human nature. Being the good person all the time seems somewhat weak and stagnant. The juvenile delinquent feels he has to prove something to his peers but also his family. People in society always want to feel accepted no matter what social group they come to find. The rebellious adaptation is an important aspect of strain theory of social structure it completes the cycle of social structure. Merton was an established thinker and a great sociologist. His development of strain theory and the adaptations associated with it made him a well known person of his time. Merton coined this theory so that he could help future thinkers like us understand where his ideals and passion steamed from especially in crime and deviance. His strain theory led to other important theories such anomie and the self fulfilling prophecy. Crime and deviance especially in juvenile delinquents will always be prevalent in todays society. There will always be low income communities that breed out drug dealers for the streets. The persuasion of crime is a war that has affected many generations of juvenile delinquency. Juvenile delinquency is a privilege a young boy gets before he sees the real institutions of punishment for crimes. The only way some delinquents learn about punishment and the laws of society is by breaking them. Unfortunately breaking the law has serious consequences and can affect a del inquents future in society. Until we learn how to really create better opportunities for low income communities with juvenile delinquent issues our society will be a refuge for many more to come. This issue can only be solved by our government but they make too much money off delinquents why would they want to give up their cash cow. If the government paid more attention to neighborhoods and social structure of living we would not have to deal with criminals ruining our society. Our society must learn the problems so that juvenile delinquency retreats and our children grow up to be the face of a prosperous and protected America.

Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte

Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte is a strange and powerful book of family loss, love, vengeance, and good versus evil. According to Janet James, Wuthering Heights, in essence, is a battle of nature versus nurture (James 2). As this classic begins, the evil villain in the book—Heathcliff—appear to be following the path of the good-hearted hero. His true characteristics, however, slowly unravel—showing his tenacity for evil against many of the characters in this multi-generational novel. The affects that Heathcliff has on Catherine and many other family members in Wuthering Heights create our flawed character. Yet, Heathcliff is the fuel that drives every other character as they act and react to Heathcliff and his evil ways. In Wuthering Heights Mr. Earnshaw brings home an orphan named Heathcliff that he quickly adopts into the family. This apparent noble gesture of family love for an individual without a real family or home opens the floodgates of drama. The Earnshaw family winds up initiating a war that spreads over several generations. According to Hubbard, Nelly Dean is a servant who was raised in Wuthering Heights. Nelly tells the history of Heathcliff and, thus, narrates much of the story. Hubbard 1) Heathcliff is raised in the family. He eventually falls in love with Catherine, one of the Earnshaw children, a pseudo-step-sister to Heathcliff. Mr. Earnshaw eventually dies and the family members attempt to ruin Heathcliff’s life due to years of bitter resentment. Yet, the courtship between Heathcliff and Catherine continues to unfold as the warring within this intense saga deve lops. A key turning point occurs when Catherine dies during childbirth. Heathcliff reacts to years of vengeance, vows his own revenge on the very family that he has grown up in. Heathcliff, then, attempts to gain control of the family legacy. As we look at our central character, Heathcliff, his initiation into the family has him cast as a protagonist. However, as the fate of good versus evil begins to gather thematic weight, we find a shift in Heathcliff. In fact, the shift is so dramatic that Heathcliff becomes the story’s antagonist. The entire structure of Wuthering Heights revolves around Heathcliff. As in many classics, love is an overriding subplot that weaves together the multi-generational conflict that evolves. Love, in the end, seems to be the demise of the evil characters. Heathcliff and many of his surrogate family members are unable to share their love for one another. It’s a case of honor for the bloodline of the Earnshaws that creates the war. Graphic bloodletting results as many characters—Heathcliff, our supposed protagonist included—sink to killing as the only means to alleviate the family drama. Characters choose to use lies and deceit to meet their unbridled need for passion, lust, and selfish gain. Wuthering Heights, although its main protagonist is an orphaned child, cradles its main character into a large family with a special purpose. This adoption creates animosity between step-siblings and spouses. Estrangement and bitter revenge is a subplot linking this graphic and upsetting intense novel. As the battles between individuals progress in the novel, the undercurrents of physical and mental pain—sometimes horrific pain—create intense situations as characters constantly juggle with a decision: Is the fight for a worthy cause? Heathcliff, in Wuthering Heights, winds up becoming loved and hated. He is, in effect, the hero and villain of this grand classic novel. His character creates dramatic intensity. Here, is an example of one of the Earnshaw’s discussions with Heathcliff. Hindley said, â€Å"and I pray that he may break your neck: take him, and be damned, you beggarly interloper. † (p. 61) His drama slowly evolves into an evil being. He pushes his hatred at everyone except Catherine. Heathcliff gets to a point of dependency on Catherine. As long as he has Catherine, he can deal with anything. Heathcliff is, in effect, the story of Wuthering Heights. Thus, when Catherine dies, Heathcliff loses his co-dependent love and releases years of build-up rage and aggression. The emotions and actions of other characters in this epic novel all seem to stem from Heathcliff. His magnetic personality is the catalyst toward other character interaction and plot development. Catherine, for example, is torn emotionally and spiritually over Heathcliff because of the feelings other family members have regarding Heathcliff. In the end, it has been viewed as a death she desired. It was the only way to find relief to a life of bitter entanglements. The following quote comes from Catherine describing her feelings about Heathcliff to Edgar: â€Å"Oh Edgar, Edgar! † she panted, flinging her arms around his neck. â€Å"Oh, Edgar darling! Heathcliff’s come back. † (p. 114) As Heathcliff and Catherine develop their relationship fairly early. In chapter 10, we see that Catherine has grown bored of Edgar. Her interest in Heathcliff abhors Edgar and thus a bitter jealously between Heathcliff and Edgar ensues. Since Edgar is Catherine’s wife, the intensity of this jealousy from Edgar brings secret joy to Heathcliff. Heathcliff and Catherine wind up sharing deep passionate love. But the secrecy of her unfaithfulness becomes well-known in the family. Plus, the wealth of the Earnshaw creates greed within Heathcliff. This foreshadows the fact that Heathcliff will go to almost no-end to get what he wants: the Earnshaw legacy. On an estranged level, we see that Heathcliff’s mental stability becomes a question mark. The entire Earnshaw family, except for Catherine and Hareton, view Heathcliff as some sort of ruthless, cold-blooded creature. Some even consider him incarnate evil. From the author’s perspective, however, he is a man of turbulent emotions who feels that everyone else is evil due to that fact that society has excluded him. His short-temper and violent tendencies helps to create the character backdrop of a villain that can cause two generations of a wealthy family to be turned upside-down. Healthcliff creates his own laws which are the main reason why he is hated by almost every other character in the novel. However, his commitment to Catherine leads readers to offer him some credibility, or at least pitied on some levels. This credibility is forever in question due to Heathcliff’s inability to be forgiving of anyone. Through dialogue from Heathcliff, Emily Bronte creates the image of a character sinking out of control. Isabella writes of her anguish over the Earnshaw dilemma. She wrote, I do hate him–I am wretched–I have been a fool. † (p 163) Catherine, in Wuthering Heights, whose eventual demise comes by the hands of losing her own life, is set up by her personal struggles in her love-hate relationship with the arch nemesis, Heathcliff. She builds walls that suffocate herself from her family, all at the extent of Heathcliff. When other family members suspect his less-than-moral activities, Heathcliff simply stacks on the lies by jabbering on to cover up his deception. He continues to manipulate situations based on fast-talking. Again, his unfortunate orphanage and adoption into this glamorous family is his means of escaping victimization. Yet, ironically, he is, both, a victim and villain in the grand scheme of Emily Bronte’s masterpiece. In the following, we listen to Hindley express his mental state of mind regarding Heathcliff. Hindley said,†Unless you overreach him; and he’ll be my ruin. Damn the hellish villian! † (p. 193) The tide turns as the lies intensify and the great network of these families begin to see the truth. Other characters begin to boast their concerns over troubling issues surrounding Heathcliff. This unraveling of the family adds intensity to each new scene. In other words, the world is wrong and only Catherine and Heathcliff are correct—at least that is how Heathcliff sees things in his mental instability. Comedy is another component that is woven into the threads of the evil characters in Wuthering Heights. Most often, Bronte pokes fun at Heathcliff as the other family members and servants treat him unfairly and oftentimes with mockery. The grand theme of death and horror is apparent in Wuthering Heights. The characters evolve and revolve almost entirely around the characterization and altering behaviors of Heathcliff. The other character’s true motives come to light: They yearn for the demise and death of Heathcliff. As timing is such a critical component of Heathcliff’s development as a character, the timing of the lies within the family reach a climax. Before they can amend their ill-mannered plans to end Heathcliff, the damage is done and the family suffers. Bronte uses more empowering language to make her point with such artistry: The guest was now the master of Wuthering Heights. † (p. 204) In closing, this classic novel gained universal fame for its ability to weave the consequences of war and family and love and loss. And, it is done in climatic fashion. Betrayal and love and comedy are the components that keep the characters moving—especially our villain Heathcliff. There is one single link that connects Heathcliff with humanity. That is his respect for Harton Earnshaw, the man who adopted Heathcliff into the family, initiating this lifelong journey. According to Vogler, respect for family also manifests in the story as the battle between siblings and loved ones becomes the necessary device to overcome loss and deception and overzealous pride (Vogler 16). There is no way to correct the death and horrific pain that was unleashed as the story of Heathcliff and the Earnshaws occurred. In fact, Heathcliff wound up spending almost his entire life acting out on revenge against this family. As his life came to an end, Heathcliff was seeking spiritual aid. In fact, his dream was to be with Catherine again where he could spend eternity with the love of his life. Thus, as he brought about a slow death upon himself, he became happier the nearer and nearer he got to death. Yet, ironic as it may sound, Wuthering Heights is based on the love found by being forced into the trenches of war, a war that goes beyond the physical pain of the battlefield and into the ache of the soul. In the end, deceit loses but not before causing rampant death and destruction among the link known as family. Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte is a strange and powerful book of family loss, love, vengeance, and good versus evil. Wuthering Heights, in essence, is a battle of nature versus nurture. Tartuffe is also a story of estranged family love, loss, and deceit. As each story begins, the evil villains in both books appear to be following the path of the good-hearted hero. Their true characteristics, however, slowly unravel—showing their tenacity for evil. Heathcliff, in Wuthering Heights—and Tartuffe, in the play Tartuffe—have many comparable attributes. In Wuthering Heights Mr. Earnshaw brings home an orphan named Heathcliff that he quickly adopts into the family. This apparent noble gesture of family love for an individual without a home winds up initiating the warring and drama between several generations. In Tartuffe, the eventual evil character known as Tartuffe is regarded as a most pious and holy man, a hero on God’s path—or so we are led to believe. This can be paralleled to Heathcliff’s entry into the story as a loved orphan child. Tartuffe is regarded by the community members with the utmost respect. The intertwining of love, lust, and deceit is rampant in both stories. Love, in the end, seems to be the demise of the evil characters. They are unable to share their love and thus choose to use lies and deceit to meet their unbridled need for passion, lust, and selfish gain. Wuthering Heights, although its main protagonist is an orphaned child, cradles its main character into a large family. This adoption creates animosity between step-siblings and spouses. Estrangement and bitter revenge is a subplot linking both of these graphic novels of intensity. As the battles between individuals progress in each novel, the undercurrents of physical and mental pain—sometimes horrific pain—create intense situations as characters constantly juggle with a decision: Is the fight for a worthy cause? Heathcliff, in Wuthering Heights, winds up becoming loved and hated. He is, in effect, the hero and villain of this grand classic novel. His character creates dramatic intensity. His drama slowly evolves into an evil being. He pushes his hatred at everyone except Catherine. Heathcliff gets to a point of dependency on Catherine. As long as he has Catherine, he can deal with anything. Heathcliff is, in effect, the story of Wuthering Heights. The emotions and actions of other characters in this epic novel all seem to stem from Heathcliff. His magnetic personality is the catalyst toward other character interaction and plot development. Catherine, for example, is torn emotionally and spiritually over Heathcliff because of the feelings other family members have regarding Heathcliff. In the end, she seeks relief in death. Some of the characters in the play begin to see that Tartuffe is not the pious individual they were led to believe he was. Cleante and Dorine, for instance, discuss Tartuffe’s questionable characteristics. They both agree he is filled with deceit and has tricked Orgon. The web of love and desire runs amok as communication between family members and loved ones is blurred. Deception creates the sub plotting elements between Damis, Orgon, Mariane, Valere, Cleante, and Dorine that create animosity. This French play is in direct correlation to Emily Bronte’s classic novel that also weaves family deception, love, desire, and war to create an empowering story. Catherine, in Wuthering Heights, whose eventual demise comes by the hands of taking her own life, is set up by her personal struggles in her love-hate relationship with the arch nemesis, Heathcliff. She builds walls that suffocate herself from her family, all at the extent of Heathcliff. Tartuffe also builds walls. For Tartuffe, however, his walled persona is central to his initial means of deceiving others. He seeks to capture the love of Elmire. When others suspect his less-than-moral activities, Tartuffe simply stacks on the lies by jabbering on and using religious cliches to cover up his deception. He continues to manipulate situations based on fast-talking. Again, his religious background leads others to believe him. The tide turns in both stories as the lies intensify and the great network of these families begin to see the truth. Other characters begin to boast their concerns over troubling issues surrounding Tartuffe. Madame Pernelle’s advice is seen as truly absurd. She feels betrayal and takes out her angst by reprimanding other family members. For example, she hounds Cleante for his desire to counsel society; she doesn’t like how Elmire dresses; even the maid is reckless. This unraveling of the family adds intensity to each new scene. In other words, the world is wrong and only Madame Pernelle and Tartuffe are right. This talkative old woman reveals to the audience, for the very first time, that Tartuffe’s true character is not pious. Comedy is another component that is woven into the threads of the evil characters in Tartuffe and Wuthering Heights. In scene four, Orgon is completely fooled and also blinded by his committed affection to Tartuffe. The servant-master relationship gives way to humor. Here, we witness a bitter, yet sharp-witted, servant who makes fun of the unintelligent master. This dim-witted masters isn’t even aware of the ridicule. Comedy is found throughout Wuthering Heights as well. Most often, Bronte pokes fun at Heathcliff as the other family members and servants treat him unfairly and oftentimes with mockery. The grand theme of death and horror is also apparent in both stories. The characters evolve and their true motives come to light. However, by the time the lies are brought to light, the damage is done and the families suffer—in both stories. In closing, these two novels gain universal fame for their ability to weave the consequences of war and family and love and loss. And, it is done in climatic fashion. Betrayal and love and comedy are the components that keep the characters moving—especially our villains Heathcliff and Tartuffe. There is one single link that connects Heathcliff with humanity. That is his respect for Harton Earnshaw, the man who adopted Heathcliff into the family, initiating this lifelong journey. Respect for family also manifests in Tartuffe as the battle between siblings and loved ones becomes the necessary device to overcome loss and deception and overzealous pride. Wuthering Heights is based on the love found by being forced into the trenches of war, a war that goes beyond the physical pain of the battlefield and into the ache of the soul. It’s ironic, in Tartuffe, that our antagonistic villain was once considered holy and pious. In the end, deceit loses but not before causing rampant death and destruction among the link known as family.

Quick Facts About the Element Uranium

You probably know uranium is an element and that its radioactive. Here are some other uranium facts for you. You can find detailed information about uranium by visiting the uranium facts page. 11 Uranium Facts Pure uranium is a silvery-white metal.The atomic number of uranium is 92, meaning uranium atoms have 92 protons and usually 92 electrons. The isotope of uranium depends on how many neutrons it has.Because uranium is radioactive and always decaying, radium is always found with uranium ores.Uranium is slightly paramagnetic.Uranium is named after the planet Uranus.Uranium is used to fuel nuclear power plants and in high-density penetrating ammunition. A single kilogram of uranium-235 theoretically could produce ~80 terajoules of energy, which is equivalent to the energy that could be produced by 3000 tons of coal.Natural uranium ore has been known to fission spontaneously. The Oklo Fossil Reactors of Gabon, West Africa, contain 15 ancient inactive natural nuclear fission reactors. The natural ore fissioned back at a prehistoric time when 3% of the natural uranium existed as uranium-235, which was a high enough percentage to support a sustained nuclear fission chain reaction.The density of uranium is about 70% higher than lead, but less than that of gold or tungsten, even though uranium has the second-highest atomic weight of the naturally occurring elements (second to plutonium-244).Uranium usually has a valence of either 4 or 6.Health effects of uranium typically are not related to the elements radioactivity, since the alpha particles emitted by uranium cannot even penetrate the skin. Rather, the health impact is related to the toxicity of uranium and its compounds. Ingestion of hexavalent uranium compounds can cause birth defects and immune system damage.Finely divided uranium powder is pyrophoric, meaning it will ignite spontaneously at room temperature.

The Benefits of Electronic Communication - 888 Words

Electronic to face – to - face communication â€Å"The major developments in technology have found communication being mediated in a number of revolutionary new ways†¦communication was transformed in some way by enabling mass publication and far greater speed and distance† (Thurlow, Lengel Tomic, 2004, p.26). (http://www.academia.edu/538403/Face-to-face_Versus_Computer-mediated_Communication_Exploring_Employees_Preference_of_Effective_Employee_Communication_Channel). Communication plays a vital role in our daily social lives. It can be done electronically, which would include; telephones and computer – mediated communication, or face to face. While both are forms of communication, electronic communication is better than face to face communication because it breaks geographical barriers, it is convenient, it allows for record keeping and provides a higher level of privacy. 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Leadership and the Army - 2337 Words

Leadership and the Army Stephen Goodwin Ashford University Dr. Donny Bagwell BUS 610 April 14, 2008 Abstract We are at a critical point in our history in America. For the second time in a century we have been attacked on our own soil and forced to defend ourselves against a global threat. Due to this treat our soldiers have been able to lead abroad; and here in the homeland giving them a variety of ways to give purpose direction and motivation to accomplish any mission given to them. The military is notorious for developing leaders that have been able to run multi-billion dollar organizations. Everywhere you go businesses cry out for leadership, leadership necessary to build better and more competitive products. Most†¦show more content†¦Although a kingdom that has once been destroyed can never come again into being; nor can the dead ever be brought back to life. Hence the enlightened leader is heedful, and the good leader is full of caution. 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A Child Called It Free Essays

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Relationship Management Of Social Customer - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Relationship Management Of Social Customer. Answer: Introduction Supply chain management related to an organization is an approach of systematic manner which is formulated to manage the distribution of the goods from the producers or suppliers of raw materials. The management of supply chain affects the manufacturing related companies in many ways, which include availability of the inputs that are required for the processes related to production, the costs and the profitability related to the items that are manufactured (Stadtler2015). Company Introduction The company that is taken into consideration for the analysis of supply chain management related activities is Amul India. Amul India is privately owned and it operates in the field of unbiased and independent development of products. The private ownership of the company helps the engineers to develop the products independently. The speciality of the company lies in producing milk and all types of milk products which are of high quality. Amul is a dairy products based organization which is based in India. The organization is based in Anand situated in Gujarat and was founded in the year 1950. Amul as a brand is managed by the cooperative body which is named Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd. which is jointly owned by around 3.6 million producers of milk in Gujarat. The white revolution in India was started by Amul which assisted the country in becoming the largest producer of milk in the world. The chairman or founder of Amul was Dr.VergheseKurien for a period of 30 years, that is from 1972 to 2006. The products of Amul are presently available in almost 60 countries of the world. Amul became a registered company on 14th December 1947, which was a response to the manipulation of the producers of milk (Amul.com 2017). Input Transformation-Outputs process in Amul India The two different processes that are required for the development of products and services in the Amul India are, Customer Relationship Management and Supplier Relationship Management. Input- Transformation- Outputs Process InAmul Supplier Inputs Transformation Outputs Feed Back Raw materials collected from suppliers -Amul milk powder -Preparing the milk -Separation of the curds from whey -Pressing process of the curd -Ageing process of the cheese -Milk has to be packed in small packet ready to use in Outlets. -Keep in store. Stock take list form -Raw milk -Curdling agent -Flavor -Bacterial moles -Wrapping the natural cheese -The natural cheese will be extracted and this will help in producing different cheeses as well - - Use ingredients as Processing as per Finished goods ready-made customers orders with customers order with the help of standard packaging Customer feedback form repackage which is standard preparation from store Procedures -Order of customers First Operational Process: Customer Relationship Management The relationship of the organization with the consumers are important as Amul India provides many different kinds of services of the customers. The services provided by the company include, computer-aided engineering support. The staff of the company is dedicated towards providing the right services to the customers at the right time. According to the ITO framework or Input-Transform-Outcome model which states that the inputs in the supply chain can be transformed into the desired outcomes for the companies. The outcomes received with the help of the inputs are then used for the target outcomes. Customers Customers are the most important assets that decide any companys survival in the market. Amul has always invested most of its attention in customer satisfaction. The major customers of the company include, the major population including children, young people, women and aged people as well. The target customers are mostly homogenous and belong to different categories. Amuls low-cost pricing strategy has helped it attract a major part of the population irrespective of demography. The organization provides varied services to the people related to these sectors (Amul.com 2017). The organization mainly aims towards providing the best of products to the people all over the world. Application of Process 1: The staff of Amul India need to be dedicated towards the services that they provide to the customers and the quality of the services as well. The staff need to provide the services in a personalized manner so that the customers are satisfied with the quality of services provided. The products that need to supplied to the customers are Amul powder milk and Amul cheese.The desired output of the organization is obtained with the help of the staff or the engineers and the ways by which they provide the services to the customers. The ultimate aim of the process is to strengthen the relationship with the customers which can be obtained only with the help of the fruitful services of the staff (Monczka et al. 2015). The website of the company provides interactive platforms to the consumers so that their feedback can be gathered. The relationship with the customers is important as the products need to be marketed to the potential customers. Second Operational Process: Supplier Relationship Management The second process that is considered in the analysis is the supplier relationship management. The relationship of the company with the suppliers need to be maintained successfully as the suppliers are the major part of the manufacturing process. The company needs to form close relationship with the suppliers so that the processes related to supply can be managed successfully (Fredendall and Hill 2016). Good relationships with the suppliers enables smooth operations of the company. The raw materials that are provided by the suppliers are important for the operations of the company and the manufacture of the various products that are offered by the company. The agreements of that are made between the companies and the suppliers are important for the profitable operations of the manufacturing processes (Brandenburg et al. 2014). The process of manufacturing and the costs related to that process are based on the costs that are quoted by the suppliers in the organizations. The organizati on needs to maintain more number of suppliers so that the prices related to the raw materials are decided and maintained by the company and not the suppliers. Application of Process 2: This will enable the company to maintain its profitability and operations as well. According to the ITO framework, the inputs in this case are also the employees of the company or the management. The management is responsible for creating the relationship with the suppliers of the company. The desired outcome is maintaining the relationship with the customers so that Amul India can control the prices that affect the operations and profitability of the company (Seuring 2013). The output of the entire process is related to the profits gained by the organization with the help of the prices of the raw materials provided by the suppliers. The products that are taken into consideration are Amul powder milk and Amul cheese. The relationship with the suppliers is important in this case as the raw materials that need to be procured is important in case of production. Literature review on Quality management As discussed by, Bienstock, Mentzer and Kahn (2015), the concept related to service quality is quite simple in nature and it was related to the provisions of the company to manufacture different milk products that can meet the expectations of the customers as well. The quality management related aspect of the organizations is considered as a critical aspect that affects the business of the organization. The organizations can maintain the base of the customers and also try to expand the number of customers with the help of quality management. Providing high quality services or goods impacts the business operations of the companies in a huge manner. The process of total quality management is implemented in various organizations so that the quality of the services and products are maintained and the customers are also satisfied.According to, Bon and Mustafa (2013), the practices related to total quality management impact the profitability of the organization. The leaders of the organiza tions impact the system of total quality management and this supports the development of employees. The communication with the employees is developed with the help of this process and this plays an important role in the success of the TQM practices. The leadership should be demonstrated by the managers of the organizations so that the employees are motivated towards the different TQM practices. The involvement and behaviour of the management and the employees in the total quality management process enables the success of the business operations. The knowledge levels of the organization should also be maintained effectively so that the knowledge is used in the right manner and in the right place as well. Goetsch and Davis (2014) state that, the successful ways of management of the process and the knowledge related to the organization helps in the management of data in an effective manner. The effective management of process and knowledge related to the organizations helps in decreasing the effects of the activities on the external environment. The organizations that implement the TQ M process need to provide effective training to the employees of the organization so that they are able to improve their individual proficiencies. The organizations where perfect training is provided to the employees tend to adapt to the changes related to the environment rapidly. The quality of an organization is not dependent on any one department; the management of quality is the responsibility of the entire organization. As discussed by, Hazen et al. (2014), supply chain management related activities of an organization is dependent on the total quality management related aspects of the organization. This involves the development of the strategic alliances with the suppliers of the organizations and thereby working along with the organizations so that the expectations of the customers can be met. The suppliers need to be involved in the early stages of product development so that expertise and the capabilities of the employees and suppliers can be used. The inputs given by the suppliers are related to the primary stage of the manufacture of products and the services of the organizations. The high quality of the inputs provided by the suppliers affects the ultimate services or the products that are manufactured. The effective practices of supply chain thereby help the suppliers to adopt the process of quality management as well. The effective management of the quality helps in the on time delivery of t he products to the customers. Jahanshani et al. (2014), state that, the organizations that implement total quality management processes are majorly focussed on the expectations and satisfaction of the customers. The requirements and expectations of the customers need to be judged by the organizations to provide the services or products that are suitable for them. This process aims to encourage the firms so that they can provide products and services are of high quality and also reliable in nature. The productivity and the efficiency of the firms is affected by the type of products they offer to the customers and the effectivity of the products as well. The organizations can increase their share in the market and the sales of the firm by meeting the expectations of the customers. The focus of the organizations on the needs and expectations of the customers helps in increasing the sales and profitability of the firms. The operational performance, the performance of the employees, management of the inventory perform ance, the performance related to innovation, the satisfaction of the customers and performance of the firm are affected by the focus of the organizations on the customers. According to, Jimnez-Jimnez et al. (2015), the organizations in the present situation cannot be casual about the marketing activities only with satisfied customers. The satisfied customers of any organization are not always the loyal ones as they do not have any questions related to the services and products of the organization. The style of the customers to make decisions related to buying is constantly changing. The reasons related to the loyalty of the customers are also changing in the recent times. The satisfied customers of the companies are not the ones who are loyal, they are the ones who are neutral to any type of activities related to the marketing of the organizations. The satisfied customers tend to leave the current company as soon as any other company provides them with better options. On the other hand, the customers who raise complaints regarding the services of the organizations are more loyal and are more bothered about the operations of the organization. The custom ers who are loyal to the organizations tend to choose the company which they trust more and not those which offer the cheapest rates. The quality management related activities of the organizations affect the expectations of the customers from the organizational operations. The quality management related approaches that have been discussed by the authors can be implemented by any other manufacturing organizations as well (Zeng, Phan and Matsui 2015). Potential Issues in Customer and Supplier Relationship Management There are different issues that are related to the customer relationship management in Amul Company that is based in Singapore. The customer relationship management plays a major role in helping the different businesses perform better and this will allow the customers to have a better connection with the customers and this will improve the business as well. The different issues in CRM are as follows: Low engagement of employees is one of the issues that is faced by the organization as the CRM system that is offered to the staffs as well as employees is traditional in nature and this can have huge impact on the business performance along with satisfaction of the customers as well (Chua and Banerjee 2013). Secondly, the kind of CRM that is used by Amul Company is outdated and the automated service that is provided to the customers is not standardized in nature and this is creating huge issues and nuisance for the different customers. The services provided by the respective company have to be properly sorted as this can cause huge problems and the respective company can lose customers as well (Rodriguez, Peterson, and Ajjan 2015). The kind of CRM that is used by the respective company is not suitable in nature and this can cause huge issues in meeting the different requirements of the business. As this is a large business, it is essential in nature to consider different kind of alternatives that is required as this will help in improving the business and enable proper access to different data in different locations as well (Khodakarami and Chan 2014) There is less effectiveness in the data that is being used by the respective company as the technique of simply collecting different data of the customers I not enough in nature and this can cause huge issues for the entire business as well (Trainor et al. 2014) There are different security issues as well that can be faced by AmulCompany as the traditional CRM can cause misuse of the data and this can lead to mistreatment of the data as well (Siu et al. 2013). Lastly, the data relating to the customers has to be properly changed as this can have huge negative impact on the entire business as well as on the customers. The data relating to the customers changes frequently in nature and this involves constantly changes with the different tastes and preferences of the entire competitive market as well (Choudhury and Harrigan 2014). Strategies to be implemented These are the different gaps in the expectation of the customers as well as perceptions of the customers that are generated by the company. There are different reasons of such gap wherein there is inadequate market research orientation along with lack of upward communication as well. There is insufficient relationship focus that will cause gaps in the customer relationship management in Amul Company. It is recommended that the company implements the following steps to ensure better functioning of the various departments and enhanced customer satisfaction: The first step that the company has to take is to ensure proper collection of the data as well as storing of the data of the consumers as it is essential in nature as this will help in keeping proper track of the different records of the employees. (Brodie et al. 2013). Second, proper and timely updates as it is essential in nature as this will help in making the customers feel more valued in nature. In addition, proper buying patterns is essential to be understood by the company as this will help in analysing the different problems that can be analysed in order to properly maintain good relationships with the customers Third, the segmentation of customers into different categories and the related marketing of products should be done in accordance with the changing needs of the customers Fourth, the company should consider starting incentives and rewards plan for the retailers as this would motivate them to promote the brand further, enabling the company to expand with minimum effort Fifth and last, immediate response is essential in nature as this will help in addressing the different issues related to clients and this will help in improving the relationship with the customers as well. In addition to the recommendations made above, further suggestions are mentioned below that can help Amul improve its quality management approach. As discussed by, Klee and Westgard (2014), the quality management approach of the organizations is also changing since the last few years. The new quality management approach of the organizations needs to take into consideration many different points including: The causes and the consequences of the process related to quality management of the organizations need to be considered by the management. The root causes of the quality management issues and the related consequences needs to be addressed by the organizations. The samples or the groups of customers who are taken into consideration for quality management related issues should also be taken care by the company. The process of quality management must also try to analyse the processes which are working well for the company and those which are not quite suitable. The investigation of quality management process needs to end with the corrective actions that are taken regarding the various issues that are identified. The customers of the company need to be the main focus while analysing the quality management related aspects. The processes need to be amended based on the needs and requirements of the customers (Siva et al. 2016). The quality management process of the organization should be able to meet the expectations of the customers. The companies can also aim to exceed the expectations of the customers and surprise them. The other major role played by the quality management process is to take care of the different needs of the customers and provide services in a personalized manner. The needs of the different consumers are also different from each other. The organizations need to understand these needs and demands and design the products and services accordingly. The quality management process of the organizations should be able to evaluate the quality of services that are provided to the customers in each and every channel. The perceptions of the consumers also need to be addressed based on the management of quality (Zavadsky and Hiadlovsky2014). Challenges faced by Amul India However, there are different challenges that have to be faced by Amul Company in maintaining such relationship with the customers that are as follows: The customers can sometimes be arrogant in nature that can cause huge issues in the performance as well reputation of the entire company (Almunawarand Anshari 2015) Proper response has to be provided to the complaints of the customers but there can be different issues such as wherein the respective company is not maintaining proper laws as well as other credentials that can impact the reputation of the company Lastly, there is communication gap between the company individuals as well as the customers and this can cause huge issues in the communication process. This will hugely impact the reputation of the company along with other issues related to the policies as well as procedures. Conclusion These are the different challenges that can be faced by the individuals as well as the entire company wherein the proper customer as well as supplier relationship management is not maintained. The proper analysis of the different requirements of the customers has to be met by the organization as this will help in improving the different improvements of the upward communication process in the company along with the different customers in the entire organization as well. Proper act on the different insights as well as information has to be analysed as this will help in improving the customer and supplier relationship management. References Almunawar, M.N. and Anshari, M., 2015. Social Customer Relationship Management. InEncyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition(pp. 5255-5262). IGI Global. Amul.com (2017).Brands :: Amul - The Taste of India. [online] Amul.com. Available at: https://www.amul.com/m/brands [Accessed 26 Dec. 2017]. Bienstock, C.C., Mentzer, J.T. and Kahn, K.B., 2015. How are service firms measuring and managing service quality/customer satisfaction? InProceedings of the 1996 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 161-161). Springer, Cham. Bon, A.T. and Mustafa, E.M., 2013. Impact of total quality management on innovation in service organizations: Literature review and new conceptual framework.Procedia Engineering,53, pp.516-529. Brandenburg, M., Govindan, K., Sarkis, J. and Seuring, S., 2014. Quantitative models for sustainable supply chain management: Developments and directions.European Journal of Operational Research,233(2), pp.299-312. Brodie, R.J., Ilic, A., Juric, B. and Hollebeek, L., 2013. Consumer engagement in a virtual brand community: An exploratory analysis.Journal of Business Research,66(1), pp.105-114. Choudhury, M.M. and Harrigan, P., 2014. CRM to social CRM: the integration of new technologies into customer relationship management.Journal of Strategic Marketing,22(2), pp.149-176. Chua, A.Y. and Banerjee, S., 2013. Customer knowledge management via social media: the case of Starbucks.Journal of Knowledge Management,17(2), pp.237-249. Fredendall, L.D. and Hill, E., 2016.Basics of supply chain management. CRC Press. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Hazen, B.T., Boone, C.A., Ezell, J.D. and Jones-Farmer, L.A., 2014. Data quality for data science, predictive analytics, and big data in supply chain management: An introduction to the problem and suggestions for research and applications.International Journal of Production Economics,154, pp.72-80. Jahanshani, A.A., Hajizadeh, G.M.A., Mirdhamadi, S.A., Nawaser, K. and Khaksar, S.M.S., 2014. Study the effects of customer service and product quality on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Jimnez-Jimnez, D., Martinez-Costa, M., Martnez-Lorente, A.R. and Rabeh, H.A.D., 2015. Total quality management performance in multinational companies: A learning perspective.The TQM Journal,27(3), pp.328-340. Khodakarami, F. and Chan, Y.E., 2014. Exploring the role of customer relationship management (CRM) systems in customer knowledge creation.Information Management,51(1), pp.27-42. Klee, G.G. and Westgard, J.O., 2014. 7 Quality Management.Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics-E-Book, p.90. Monczka, R.M., Handfield, R.B., Giunipero, L.C. and Patterson, J.L., 2015.Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Rodriguez, M., Peterson, R.M. and Ajjan, H., 2015. CRM/social media technology: impact on customer orientation process and organizational sales performance. InIdeas in Marketing: Finding the New and Polishing the Old(pp. 636-638). Springer, Cham. Seuring, S., 2013. A review of modeling approaches for sustainable supply chain management.Decision support systems,54(4), pp.1513-1520. Siu, N.Y.M., Zhang, T.J.F., Dong, P. and Kwan, H.Y., 2013. New service bonds and customer value in customer relationship management: The case of museum visitors.Tourism Management,36, pp.293-303. Siva, V., Gremyr, I., Bergquist, B., Garvare, R., Zobel, T. and Isaksson, R., 2016. The support of Quality Management to sustainable development: A literature review.Journal of Cleaner Production,138, pp.148-157. Stadtler, H., 2015. Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Trainor, K.J., Andzulis, J.M., Rapp, A. and Agnihotri, R., 2014. Social media technology usage and customer relationship performance: A capabilities-based examination of social CRM.Journal of Business Research,67(6), pp.1201-1208. Zavadsky, J. and Hiadlovsky, V., 2014. The consistency of performance management system based on attributes of the performance indicator: An empirical study.Quality Innovation Prosperity,18(1), pp.93-106. Zeng, J., Phan, C.A. and Matsui, Y., 2015. The impact of hard and soft quality management on quality and innovation performance: An empirical study.International journal of production economics,162, pp.216-226.